...
Astronomers use a type of star called a Cepheid variable to calculate distances to astronomical objects at galactic and extragalactic distancesscales. This is because it was discovered that the period of the pulsations corresponds to their absolute brightness. There is a formula that then can also take the observed brightness of the object to calculate the distance of the star from Earth in parsecs. Type II Cepheids are usually used. These are population II stars with the characteristics of being metal poor, old, masses < 0.5 MSun and their periods determine subclasses. These subclasses are RV Tauri, W Vir and BL Her. RV Tauri stars including the star RV Tauri itself are massive supergiants. This example takes observations from a catalogue called SIMBAD for the RV Tauri object. The GELLO model is again bespoke but again uses ISO:21090 datatypes. There is an ontological appeal to a parent-child table based on the IVOA Ontology v. 1.3 for checking the supergiant relationship. We will assess a given star's suitability to be identified as a Type II Cepheid variable star and then check the subtype. (It should be RV Tauri as this is the type exemplar)
Astro-ontology
Well there There is or was one called the IVOA Ontology v. 1.3 and for this example it formed the basis of a created small concept table of 400 rows, a created 511 strong relationships table and a created parent-child table of 381 rows. The function for subsumption in this example has been moved to a separate package but is similar to the engineering example above. Importantly, this asserts the proposition that 46612991 | RVTauri (AstrObject) | Is_A 81261979 | SuperGiant (AstrObject) | :
...
Package SIMBADObjectPackage
--Basic data
--use deltaCepheid.xml
imports
iso_21090_datatypes
class SIMBADObjectObservations extends Any
designation: ST
objectType: ObjectType
otherObjectType: Sequence(ObjectType)
coordinates: Sequence(Coordinates)
properMotions: ProperMotions --? Sequence
radialVelocitiesAndOrRedshift: RadialVelocitiesAndOrRedshift --? Sequence
parallaxes: Parallaxes
spectralType: SpectralType
fluxes: Sequence(Fluxes)
identifiers: Sequence (II)
references: Sequence(References)
collectionsOfMeasurements: CollectionOfMeasurements
morphologicalType: MorphologicalType
galaxyDimension: GalaxyDimension
notes:ST
observingLogs: Sequence(ObservingLogs)
externalArchives: Sequence(ExternalArchive)
annotations: ST
literatureDerivedParameters: Sequence (LiteratureDerivedParameters)
class ObjectType extends Any
code: CD -- eg IVOA 1.3 local
condensedDesignation: CD -- http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-display?data=otypes
standardName: ST
extendedExplanation: ST
class Coordinates extends Any
system: CD --ICRS, Gal, FK4
epoch: CD --J2000,B1950
eq: CD -- 1950
ra: ST
dec: ST
wType: CD -- wavelength class: Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam
errorEllipse: ST
quality: CD -- A,B,C,D,E
bibCode: ST
class ProperMotions extends Any
pm_ra: PQ
pm_dec: PQ
errorEllipse: ST -- in degrees
quality: CD --A, B, C, D, E, ~
bibCode: ST
class RadialVelocitiesAndOrRedshift extends Any
value: PQ
error: PQ
wavelength: CD -- Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam or '~'(unknown)
quality: CD --A, B, C, D, E, ~
bibCode: ST
class Parallaxes extends Any
value: PQ
error: PQ
quality: CD -- A=best quality -> E=worst quality, ~ =unknown quality
bibCode: ST
class SpectralType extends Any
value: ST
spectralClass: CD
luminosityClass: CD
peculiarities: ST
quality: CD -- A=best quality?E=worst quality, ~ =unknown quality
bibCode: ST
class Fluxes extends Any
filterName: CD -- U, B, V, R, I, G, J, H, K, u, g, r, i, z
system: CD -- Vega - default, AB
fluxValue: Real
error: Real
quality: CD -- A=best quality -> E=worst quality, ~ =unknown quality
multVarFlags: ST
bibCode: ST
class CollectionOfMeasurements extends Any
velocities: Sequence(Velocities)
fe_H: Sequence(Fe_H)
distance: Sequence(Distance)
plx: Sequence(PLX)
rot: Sequence(ROT)
pm: Sequence(PM)
variableStar: Sequence(VariableStarMeasurements)
class MorphologicalType extends Any
mtype: CD -- Hubble morphological class (spirals, ellipticals, etc)
quality: CD -- (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, ~ =unknown quality)
bibcode: ST
class GalaxyDimension extends Any
-- Syntax of angular size is : "maj-axis min-axis angle (wtype) quality bibcode"
majAxis: PQ -- arc minutes
minAxis: PQ -- arc minutes
angle: PQ -- orientation angle in degrees
incl: PQ -- inclination (in units of 15° from 0 to 7)
wType: CD -- wavelength class for the origin of the angular size (Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam)
quality: CD -- flag of quality of the angular size values ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, ~ =unknown quality)
bibcode: ST
class References extends Any
date: TS
firstAuthor: ST
title: ST
journal: ST
url: ST
doi: ST
abstract: ST
class Velocities extends Any
vStar: PQ
me: PQ
reference: References
class ROT extends Any
vSini: Real
error: Real
mes: ST
q: ST
reference: References
class Distance extends Any
distance: PQ
merr: PQ
perr: PQ
method: CD -- cep
reference: References
class Fe_H extends Any
tEff: PQ
log_g: Real
fe_H: Real
compStar: ST
catNo: ST
reference: References
class PLX extends Any
plx: PQ
m_e: Real
r: ST
reference: References
class PM extends Any
pm_ra: PQ
pm_ra_m_e: PQ
pm_de: PQ
pm_de_m_e: PQ
syst: CD
reference: References
class VariableStarMeasurements extends Any
varType: CD -- eg DCEP
vMax: PQ -- mag
p: ST
vMin: PQ -- mag
period: PQ --d
d_RT: PQ -- %
epoch: ST
reference: References
class ObservingLogs extends Any
class ExternalArchive extends Any
class LiteratureDerivedParameters extends Any
luminosity: Luminosity
mass: Mass
metallicity: Metallicity
radius: Radius
tEff: TEff
variabilityPeriod: VariabilityPeriod
class Luminosity extends Any
l: PQ
minusError: PQ
plusError: PQ
reference: References
class Mass extends Any
m: PQ
minusError: PQ
plusError: PQ
reference: References
class Metallicity extends Any
met: Real
minusError: Real
plusError: Real
reference: References
class Radius extends Any
r: PQ
minusError: PQ
plusError: PQ
reference: References
class TEff extends Any
t: PQ
minusError: PQ
plusError: PQ
reference: References
class VariabilityPeriod extends Any
p: PQ
minusError: PQ
plusError: PQ
reference: References
class InfrastructureRoot extends Any
sIMBADObjectObservations: Sequence(SIMBADObjectObservations)
EndPackage
...
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- TO DO List: change singlePatient to SIMBADObjectObservations
-->
<SIMBADObjectObservations xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="./iso-21090-datatypes.xsd">
<designation value = "RV Tau" />
<objectType>
<code code="46612991"
codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.8"
codeSystemName="IOVA">
<displayName value = "RVTauri (AstrObject)" />
</code>
<condensedDesignation code="V*"
codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.7"
codeSystemName="SIMBAD">
<displayName value = "V*" />
</condensedDesignation>
<standardName value = "V*" />
<extendedExplanation value = "Variable Star of Mira Cet type" />
</objectType>
<otherObjectType>
<condensedDesignation code="Wi*"
codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.7"
codeSystemName="SIMBAD">
<displayName value = "WV*" />
</condensedDesignation>
<standardName value = "PulsV*RVTau" />
<extendedExplanation value = "Variable Star of Mira Cet type" />
</otherObjectType>
<coordinates>
<system code="ICRS"
codeSystem="Local_Coordinates"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "International Celestial Reference System" />
</system>
<epoch code="J2000"
codeSystem="Local_Epoch"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Julian 2000 (2000011200)" />
</epoch>
<ra value = '04 47 06.7238218181' />
<dec value = '+26 10 45.530144720' />
<wType code="Opt"
codeSystem="Local_wType"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Optical" />
</wType>
<errorEllipse value = "0.0645 0.0365 90" />
<quality code="A"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "A" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G" />
</coordinates>
<coordinates>
<system code="FK4"
codeSystem="Local_Coordinates"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Fourth Fundamental Catalogue" />
</system>
<epoch code="B1950"
codeSystem="Local_Epoch"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Besellian 1950" />
</epoch>
<eq code="1950"
codeSystem="Local_Eq"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "1950" />
</eq>
<ra value = '04 44 01.9109548643' />
<dec value = '+26 05 26.002025683' />
<errorEllipse value = "0.0645 0.0365 90" />
</coordinates>
<coordinates>
<system code="Gal"
codeSystem="Local_Coordinates"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Galactic" />
</system>
<epoch code="J2000"
codeSystem="Local_Epoch"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Julian 2000 (2000011200)" />
</epoch>
<ra value = '174.7738171895735' />
<dec value = '-12.1901909775067' />
<errorEllipse value = "0.0645 0.0365 90" />
</coordinates>
<properMotions>
<pm_ra xsi:type = "PQ" value = "1.557" unit = "mas/yr" />
<pm_dec xsi:type = "PQ" value = "-4.717" unit = "mas/yr" />
<errorEllipse value = '1.546 1.104 90' />
<quality code="A"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "A" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2016A%26A...595A...2G" />
</properMotions>
<radialVelocitiesAndOrRedshift>
<value xsi:type = "PQ" value = "30.0" unit = "km/s" />
<error xsi:type = "PQ" value = "2" unit = "km/s" />
<quality code="E"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "E" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W" />
</radialVelocitiesAndOrRedshift>
<parallaxes>
<value xsi:type = "PQ" value = "0.6926" unit = "arcseconds" />
<error xsi:type = "PQ" value = "0.0605" unit = "arcseconds" />
<quality code="A"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "A" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G" />
</parallaxes>
<spectralType>
<value value = 'K0' />
<spectralClass code="K0"
codeSystem="Local_SpectralClass"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "K0" />
</spectralClass>
<!-- why no luminosity class? -->
<luminosityClass code=""
codeSystem="Local_LuminosityClass"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "" />
</luminosityClass>
<quality code="E"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "E" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=1995A%26AS..110..367N" />
</spectralType>
<fluxes>
<filterName code="B"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "B" />
</filterName>
<system code="Vega"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Vega" />
</system>
<fluxValue xsi:type = "Real" value = "11.00" />
<error xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.10" />
<quality code="D"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "D" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2000A%26A...355L..27H" />
</fluxes>
<fluxes>
<filterName code="V"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "V" />
</filterName>
<system code="Vega"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Vega" />
</system>
<fluxValue xsi:type = "Real" value = "9.8" />
<quality code="C"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "C" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D" />
</fluxes>
<fluxes>
<filterName code="G"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "G" />
</filterName>
<system code="Vega"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Vega" />
</system>
<fluxValue xsi:type = "Real" value = "9.2887" />
<error xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.0195" />
<quality code="C"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "C" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G" />
</fluxes>
<fluxes>
<filterName code="J"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "J" />
</filterName>
<system code="Vega"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Vega" />
</system>
<fluxValue xsi:type = "Real" value = "6.183" />
<error xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.020" />
<quality code="C"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "C" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2003yCat.2246....0C" />
</fluxes>
<fluxes>
<filterName code="H"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "V" />
</filterName>
<system code="Vega"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Vega" />
</system>
<fluxValue xsi:type = "Real" value = "5.488" />
<error xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.020" />
<quality code="C"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "C" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2003yCat.2246....0C" />
</fluxes>
<fluxes>
<filterName code="K"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "K" />
</filterName>
<system code="Vega"
codeSystem="Local_FilterName"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "Vega" />
</system>
<fluxValue xsi:type = "Real" value = "4.777" />
<error xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.018" />
<quality code="C"
codeSystem="Local_Quality"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "C" />
</quality>
<bibCode value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2003yCat.2246....0C" />
</fluxes>
<identifiers root="HD" extension="283868" />
<identifiers root="AG+" extension="+26 443" />
<identifiers root="AN" extension="45.1905" />
<identifiers root="ASAS" extension="J044707+2610.7" />
<identifiers root="BD+" extension="+25 732" />
<identifiers root="Elia" extension="3-20" />
<identifiers root="GCRV" extension="2803" />
<identifiers root="GSC2" extension="N301132129" />
<identifiers root="GSC" extension="01835-01075" />
<identifiers root="IRAS" extension="04440+2605" />
<identifiers root="2MASS" extension="J04470673+2610455" />
<identifiers root="PPM" extension="93762" />
<identifiers root="TIC" extension="59838803" />
<identifiers root="TYC" extension="1835-1075-1" />
<identifiers root="V*" extension="RV Tau" />
<identifiers root="WEB" extension="4279" />
<identifiers root="WISE" extension="J044706.73+261045.5" />
<identifiers root="WISE" extension="J044706.74+261045.7" />
<identifiers root="[WWV2004]" extension="J0447067+261046" />
<identifiers root="AAVSO" extension="0441+26" />
<identifiers root="Gaia" extension="DR1 154255571501975936" />
<identifiers root="Gaia" extension="DR2 154255575798532096" />
<references></references>
<collectionsOfMeasurements>
<velocities>
<vStar xsi:type = "PQ" value = "30.0" unit = "km/s" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "2013" />
<firstAuthor value = "Mooley K" />
<title value = "B- and A-type stars in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region." />
<journal value = "Astrophys. J." />
<url value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2013ApJ...771..110M" />
</reference>
</velocities>
<fe_H></fe_H>
<distance>
<distance xsi:type = "PQ" value = "1443.8348" unit = "pc" />
<merr xsi:type = "PQ" value = "126.1219" unit = "pc" />
<perr xsi:type = "PQ" value = "126.1219" unit = "pc" />
<method code="paral"
codeSystem="Local_Method"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "paral" />
</method>
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "2018" />
<firstAuthor value = "GAIA COLLABORATION" />
<title value = "GAIA DR2" />
<journal value = "CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues" />
<url value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G" />
</reference>
</distance>
<plx>
<plx xsi:type = "PQ" value = "0.6926" unit = "arcseconds" />
<m_e xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.0605" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "2018" />
<firstAuthor value = "GAIA COLLABORATION" />
<title value = "GAIA DR2" />
<journal value = "CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues" />
<url value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2018yCat.1345....0G" />
</reference>
</plx>
<plx>
<plx xsi:type = "PQ" value = "1.210" unit = "arcseconds" />
<m_e xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.360" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "2016" />
<firstAuthor value = "GAIA COLLABORATION" />
<title value = "Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties." />
<journal value = "Astronomy and Astrophysics" />
<url value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2016A%26A...595A...2G" />
</reference>
</plx>
<rot></rot>
<pm></pm>
<variableStar>
<varType code="M"
codeSystem="Local_VarType"
codeSystemName="Local">
<displayName value = "M" />
</varType>
<vMax xsi:type = "PQ" value = "8.9585" unit = "mag" />
<p value = "R" />
<vMin xsi:type = "PQ" value = "9.9695" unit = "mag" />
<period xsi:type = "PQ" value = "236" unit = "d" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "2004" />
<firstAuthor value = "Wozniak S,J" />
<title value = "Identifying red variables in the Northern Sky Variability Survey." />
<journal value = "Astron. J." />
<url value = "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2004AJ....128.2965W" />
</reference>
</variableStar>
</collectionsOfMeasurements>
<literatureDerivedParameters>
<luminosity>
<l xsi:type = "PQ" value = "2800" unit = "Lsun" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "201908" />
<firstAuthor value = "Manick R" />
<title value = "Spectroscopic binaries RV Tauri and DF Cygni" />
<journal value = "Astronomy and Astrophysics." />
<url value = "https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2019/08/aa34956-18/aa34956-18.html" />
</reference>
</luminosity>
<mass>
<m xsi:type = "PQ" value = "0.53" unit = "Msun" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "201908" />
<firstAuthor value = "Manick R" />
<title value = "Spectroscopic binaries RV Tauri and DF Cygni" />
<journal value = "Astronomy and Astrophysics." />
<url value = "https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2019/08/aa34956-18/aa34956-18.html" />
</reference>
</mass>
<metallicity>
<met xsi:type = "Real" value = "-0.3" />
<minusError xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.2" />
<plusError xsi:type = "Real" value = "0.2" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "201908" />
<firstAuthor value = "Manick R" />
<title value = "Spectroscopic binaries RV Tauri and DF Cygni" />
<journal value = "Astronomy and Astrophysics." />
<url value = "https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2019/08/aa34956-18/aa34956-18.html" />
</reference>
</metallicity>
<tEff>
<t xsi:type = "PQ" value = "4810" unit = "K" />
<minusError xsi:type = "PQ" value = "200" unit = "K" />
<plusError xsi:type = "PQ" value = "200" unit = "K" />
<reference>
<date xsi:type = "TS" value = "201908" />
<firstAuthor value = "Manick R" />
<title value = "Spectroscopic binaries RV Tauri and DF Cygni" />
<journal value = "Astronomy and Astrophysics." />
<url value = "https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2019/08/aa34956-18/aa34956-18.html" />
</reference>
</tEff>
</
ology binding to the IVOA Ontology ( with local randomly generated and unique codes). literatureDerivedParameters>
</SIMBADObjectObservations>
<objectType> is a terminology binding to the IVOA Ontology (with local randomly generated and unique codes).
GELLO
Have we an instance of a Type II Cepheid variable and what subtype is it?
...